Like Interactive Explorations?Try out the interactive Type-1 errors LMMs Demo here In repeated measures designs, we commonly repeat trials within a subject. This leaves us with a problem, though: trials from within one subject are typically more similar compared to trials across subjects. This requires us to use repeated-measures ANOVAs, Hierarchical, Multi-Level, or as in the case of this blog: Linear Mixed Models. I commonly see analyses for within-subject designs with LMMs, that use formulas like: y~1+condition+(1|subject) or y~1+condition+(1|subject) + (1|item) Type-1 Error of omitting condition random slopes As can be seen in this graph, the type-1 error of omitting…